Zaky
Farid Luthfi, S.Pd., Yakob Godlif Malatuny,
S.Pd 2
1Universitas Sebelas Maret
2Universitas Pattimura
ABSTRACT
The current definition of nationality is increasingly
widespread from the concept of denizen to the human being, because of the lack
of awareness of global citizens against its existence, project
learning model citizen is considered effective to solve the problem. Writing
aims to explain comprehensively about the parameters of global citizenship and
global citizenship education, implications of globalization against the
citizenship and the citizen project learning model. The method of writing using
an approach to the study of librarianship. Results of the study in writing as
follows: global citizen emphasizes on capability of learners who have the
ability to widely related issues that developed in the world, project learning
model citizen in komperhensip able to give new experience for learners,
increased awareness of global citizens through project learning model citizen
able to stimulate students to think critically, creative and innovative.
Keywords:
global citizens awareness, project
citizen model
INTRODUCTION
Developments
in the era of globalization have an impact on the progress in various fields of
human life around the world, including progress in science, technology, and
information. Globalization is one of the probe led to the shift of the real
field of human life. As in the field of information technology and the internet
as smartphone presence eliminates boundaries between countries so global issues
accessible only by accessing the news through the media. The meaning of
citizenship in the era of global capitalism has moved from concept denizen to human being (Turner in Kalijernih, 2011: 8).
Global
problems of cross country that emerged as a result of fierce globalisation and
rapid technological advances. This is certainly an impact also on the realm of
civic education. Global issues such as natural resources are thinning, the
conflict between countries such as in the Middle East, and global warming
become central issues. To solve this problem need a new approach through
citizenship education. The new approach is called by Charles Titus as civic
education for understanding the global citizen's consciousness that is in the
form of new viewpoints and dedication on civic education. This understanding
which then required skill to have global citizen perspective.
Civic
education has a strategic role in building awareness of global citizenship.
Citizenship education is not limited to learn the rights and obligations of
citizens, but more extensive and deep including preparing citizens to become
global citizens. In the context of the civic education in school, students are
required to have the ability in analyzing global issues. However, this is not
easy considering the need for a learning model that efficiently and precisely
can give learners an understanding.
One of the learning models that are comprehensive
contains all of the components of citizenship as civic the civic knowledge,
skills, and disposition of the civic is a model of learning project citizen. With regard to citizenship, knowledge of
project citizen meant in order for learners to understand public policy issues that
is important in the community, government and non-government organizations
which contribute to solving public policy issues. In this case the learners are
expected to learn important concepts related issues are being examined. Citizenship education as a vehicle to build students
into global citizens. This is in accordance with the Agbaria’s opinion
(2011:61-62) which explains the importance of global education to build
awareness of a global citizen in a global era. Civic education should be
developed in order to equip young citizens with adequate global understanding.
Based
on the description of the problems that have been raised, then it is very
important and interesting to a fundamental study about “Increasing Global Citizens
Awareness Through Project Citizen Model”.
METHOD
Research
methods use the approach the study of librarianship. This study basing to
library research which is a series of activities with regard to the methods of
data collection the library, read and take notes as well as the processing of
materials research. In this writing, the author uses descriptive research is
critical with more emphasis on strength analysis of the sources and existing
data by relying on theories and the concepts are there to be interpreted based
on the writings of which leads to the discussion. The resources obtained from
the works written by competent experts and intellectuals about education.
DISCUSSION
A. Parameters
of Global Citizenship and Global Citizenship Education
Responsible
citizens to meet the requirements of institutional and cultural barriers for
the sake of the greater good for society. Intercultural understanding about the
concept of Justice, freedom, and peace, It is the basic values that should be
developed and become a cornerstone in improving the spirit of togetherness
between fellow human beings, mutual attention, understanding and please help.
(Wang, 1999).
Characteristics
that must appear on the global citizen, First,
the ability to know and approached the problem as citizens of the global
community, Second, the ability of
collaborating with others and assume responsibility for the role or obligations
in the community, Third, the ability
to understand, accept, and respect cultural differences. Fourth, the ability to think critically and systematically. Fifth, the ability to resolve conflict
by peaceful means without violence. Sixth,
the ability of changing lifestyles and patterns of staple food which is already
usual in order to protect the environment. Seventh,
has a sensitivity to and defend human rights (such as rights of women, ethnic
minorities, etc.). Eighth, the
willingness and ability to participate in political life at local level of
Government, national and international (Cogan, 1998: 115).
Global
citizenship is a contested concept in scholarly discourse, and there are
multiple interpretations of what it means to be a global citizen (UNESCO, 2013).
Some have called global citizenship “citizenship beyond borders”, (Weale, 1991)
or “citizenship beyond the nation state”. (Bellamy, 2000)
Others have noted that “cosmopolitanism”,
as a term, (Keck and Sikkink, 1998) may be broader and more inclusive than global
citizenship, while still others opt for “planetary citizenship”, focusing on
the global community’s responsibility to preserve the planet Earth. (Henderson and Ikea, 2004).
The
notion of “citizenship”
has been broadened as a multiple-perspective concept.
It is linked with growing interdependency and interconnectedness between
countries in economic, cultural and social areas, through increased international
trade, migration, communication, etc. It is also linked with our concerns for
global well-being beyond national boundaries, and on the basis of the
understanding that global well-being also influences national and local
well-being (Lee and Fouts, 2005).
Despite differences
in interpretation, there is a common understanding that global citizenship does
not imply a legal status. It refers more to a sense of belonging to a broader
community and common humanity, promoting a “global gaze” that links the local
to the global and the national to the international (Marshall, 2005). It is
also a way of understanding, acting and relating oneself to others and the
environment in space and in time, based on universal values, through respect
for diversity and pluralism. In this context, each individual’s life has
implications in day-to-day decisions that connect the global with the local,
and vice versa.
Global
citizenship education (GCE) “highlights essential functions of education
related to the formation of citizenship (in relation) with globalization. It is
a concern with the relevance of knowledge, skills and values for the
participation of citizens in, and their contribution to, dimensions of societal
development which are linked at local and global levels. It is directly related
to the civic, social and political socialization function of education, and
ultimately to the contribution of education in preparing children and young
people to deal with the challenges of today’s increasingly interconnected and
interdependent world” (Tawil, 2013).
Global
citizenship education (GCE) inspires action, partnerships, dialogue and
cooperation through formal and non-formal education. GCE applies a multifaceted
approach employing concepts, methodologies and theories from related fields,
including human rights education, peace education, education for sustainable
development and education for international understanding. It promotes an ethos
of curiosity, solidarity and shared responsibility. There are also overlapping
and mutually reinforcing objectives, approaches and learning outcomes with
these and other education programmes, such as intercultural education and
health education (UNESCO, 2014). As a framing paradigm, components of GCE can
be mainstreamed within existing education interventions. It is most productive
to view GCE as trans-disciplinary rather than as a separate or overlapping
discipline (Bracken, 2014).
B.
Implications of globalization through Indonesia’s Citizenship
Pascakolonial
expert declared that the processes of globalization have opened up spaces for
suburban areas to speech, monolithic power and authority, and the subject at
the Center will continue to be questionable because the competition at the
Center. Homi k. Bhabha, for example, saw a difference, ambivalence, and hybridists as the tools are extremely
powerful to counteract the dominant discourse of discourse and structures of
national narratives and narrative definition-a definition of self (Kalidjernih,
2011:62-63).
Now immigration,
globalization, and westernization has become a new challenge for the practice
of citizenship. According to Kalidjernih (2010:63) posited a question “Can the
citizenship transfer from national
citizenship level to global citizenship level?". This shows that the definition of citizenship
is no longer relevant If only discusses the interests of one country, but in
fact the current citizenship already intertwined (interdependence) between one
nation by any other nation.
Globalization
brings at least three things the subject matter that is. homogenization, the
undue hybridization, and difference (Macionis & Plummer, 2005). Homogenization
is the attempt made a value so that the impact on local cultures annihilation. Globalization
in this perspective gives the impression of a cultural imperialism, for
example, as the term was popularized by George Ritzer, mentioning the term
McDonaldisation. An example is the case of modern markets such as foreign
imported from the Mall has replaced the modern markets imported
from foreigners has replaced traditional markets.
Hybridization
is defined as the emergence of a new mixture of either culture or lifestyle of
the citizens. Hybridization refers to the ways in which these forms of social
life often verification with the separation of the old practices merging back
into something new. Hybridization is the themes shown by Jean Francois Lyotard
of urban Cosmopolitan image or Homi K. Bhabha about migrant
migrant-pascakolonial image, that share the core qualities. A
major theme here may be a way how the pressures of global products and adapted
or modified for local conditions. In Indonesia, for example many business
services and production processes adopted from the West, but has been
contextualization with local needs. Ronald
Robertson called it: globalization. Whereas, the difference is the phenomenon
of ethnicity, the resurrections, fundamentalism, and the harsh reaction of the
raksis as a defensive effort against globalization. They sought to protect
local values of the negative influence of the West and global.
C. Learning
Model of Project Citizen
Model
citizen project is the adaptation of the "We the people ... Project
citizen". Project citizen model was first developed by the Center for
Civic Education (CCE). This program is designed to develop the interest of
learners to be able to participate in critical and responsible both the present
local, national, and international level (Budimansyah, 2010: 153). The model of
learning Citizenship project citizen a learning innovations designed to help learners
understand the theory of citizenship through experiential learning practices of
the empirical. Budimansyah (2009: 1) stated that project citizen is one
instructional treatment based problems to develop knowledge of citizenship,
character and citizenship skills of democratic citizenship that enable and
encourage participation in the Government and civil society. The Mission of
this model, is to educate learners in order to be able to analyze the various
dimensions of public policy, then with the capacity as a young citizen is able
to provide input towards public policy be (Budimansyah, 2010: 159). It can be
understood that the model of learning project citizen help for young citizens
critical thinking in solving public policy self-reliant and participate
equitably and thought for any public policy in the state.
Project
Citizen was an integral component of the course, and through this curriculum,
Jaime and classmates spent more than a month studying an issue or problem in
their community, conducting research, developing alternative solutions, and
creating a proposal for public policy to address the problem (Fry and Bentahar,
2013). These high school students produced an action plan about how to
influence policy makers to implement the suggested public policy and presented
their findings to a panel of educators and community decision makers through a
formal showcase.
Project Citizen is a curriculum designed to help students
learn that citizens’ participation in government “is not just a slogan.
Government of, by, and for the people is obtainable, if citizens acquire the
knowledge, use their skills, and have the will to effect change” (Branson,
1999: 6). High school graduates should know how to be active citizens suggests
that the Project Citizen experience was effective in helping shape this young
citizen’s understanding of civic responsibility. Perhaps more importantly, the
Project Citizen curriculum seemed to influence. Outcome of project citizen consists of three component civic education: civic
knowledge, civic skills (intellectual and participatory), civic
dispositions (democratic values and principles reasoned commitment). Goals of
project citizen is like as this picture:
Instructional strategies that are developed in
this model, basically refers to various strategies, namely the utilization of
multi media and resources, interdisciplinary studies, problem solving,
social inquiry and powerfull learning. As for
the learning model steps project citizen is as follows:
1.
Identify
public policy issues in the community
2.
Select
an issue to be reviewed by the class
3.
Collect
relevant information on that issue
4.
Develop
a portfolio class
5.
Presenting
a portfolio of
6.
Do
learning learning reflections (Winataputra, 2012:67)
One
example of the application of project learning model citizen is made by the
Senegal Team theme “Acces to clean water”. Learners from a small village of
Ross Bethio filing related problems the difficulty of clean water. They look at
the State of the community who have difficulty obtaining clean water for daily
life. Although there is a source of water, but the distance is far away and
that is not healthy because of contaminated by a variety of waste that are
prone to causing various diseases cholera and other skin diseases. Learners are
aware that the issue needs to be solved through a survey to find the best
solution. The research team first visited on the local religious figures to
gain support, then pay a visit to the local authority to ask what has been and
will be undertaken by the Government to tackle the problem. In fact the
Government has built a water tower to supply water to Ross Bethio, however the
project is abandoned and never completed for reasons not enough funds. Then the
team urging the Government in order to seriously complete the construction of a
water tower, the team organised a peaceful demonstasi followed by all learners.
Team assured the government that the best solution to gain access to clean
water is the completion of the construction of a water tower, the local
authority eventually started working on the project. This learning model gives
students experience in resolving the problem.
Thus through learning project
citizen in civic education can be applied to a variety of secondary education
in Indonesia to raise awareness as global citizens, to the emergence of a variety of complex and complicated problems
to be solved in the contemporary era for example the problem of cross country
which covers global issues that touch all of the joints in the world, country
life then the new approach towards citizenship need to be prepared (Branson,
1999: 131). Through two components of global citizenship education can solve a
complex and complicated problem in many countries. First, history and local
government as key to the country's democracy, both sharpen the consciousness of
students that the responsibility of citizenship beyond the limits of national
and global change can no longer lead (Branson, 1999: 133-134). The two ways
above is seen very effective, if used as a shield by every global citizen in
solving the problems of cross country and global issues that impressed very
intricate and complex.
CONCLUSION
Based
fruit discussion which has been described, then some conclusions can be drawn,
as follows:
1. Global
citizenship is a contested concept in scholarly discourse, and there are
multiple interpretations of what it means to be a global citizen. Global
citizen emphasizes on capability of learners who have the ability and a broad
view of related issues that developed in the world. Global citizens in the
study of kewarganegraan is not interpreted as a status but as practice. The
practice of citizenship within a global dimension to include a variety of
things such as environmental issues, global warming, and conflicts between
countries.
2. Project
learning Model citizen in komperhensip holds all the components of citizenship,
both from the aspect of knowledge, skill and disposition. This learning model
is able to give new experience for learners as they prepare in the future in
the face of global competition.
3. Increased
awareness of global citizens through project learning model citizen is the
effective measures for developing the three main components of citizenship:
civic knowledge, civic skill dan civic disposition as well as being able to
stimulate students to think critically, creative and innovative in solving
complex problems through a scientific study.
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